Short answer: 4-3-3 is the modern default — balanced, used by most top teams. 4-2-3-1 is rising.
4-3-3 is football's modern baseline — pioneered by Cruyff at Barcelona, perfected by Pep. 4-2-3-1 is the modern Champions League favorite. 4-4-2 is classic English. 3-5-2 is wing-back heavy. 5-3-2 is parking the bus. See full formations guide.